The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Guaranteed time observations Data Release 1 (2016-2020)

DOI: 
10.1051/0004-6361/202244879
Publication date: 
15/02/2023
Main author: 
Ribas, I.
IAA authors: 
Amado, P. J.;Abril, M.;Aceituno, J.;Calvo Ortega, R.;Fernández, M.;Huelmo, Á. L.;Lampón, M.;López González, M. J.;López-Puertas, M.;Luque, R.;Magán, H.;Martín-Ruiz, S.;Ramón-Ballesta, A.;Revilla, D.;Rodríguez, E.;Rodríguez-López, C.;Sánchez Carrasco, M. Á.;Sánchez-López, A.;Schöfer, P.
Authors: 
Ribas, I.;Reiners, A.;Zechmeister, M.;Caballero, J. A.;Morales, J. C.;Sabotta, S.;Baroch, D.;Amado, P. J.;Quirrenbach, A.;Abril, M.;Aceituno, J.;Anglada-Escudé, G.;Azzaro, M.;Barrado, D.;Béjar, V. J. S.;Benítez de Haro, D.;Bergond, G.;Bluhm, P.;Calvo Ortega, R.;Cardona Guillén, C.;Chaturvedi, P.;Cifuentes, C.;Colomé, J.;Cont, D.;Cortés-Contreras, M.;Czesla, S.;Díez-Alonso, E.;Dreizler, S.;Duque-Arribas, C.;Espinoza, N.;Fernández, M.;Fuhrmeister, B.;Galadí-Enríquez, D.;García-López, A.;González-Álvarez, E.;González Hernández, J. I.;Guenther, E. W.;de Guindos, E.;Hatzes, A. P.;Henning, Th.;Herrero, E.;Hintz, D.;Huelmo, Á. L.;Jeffers, S. V.;Johnson, E. N.;de Juan, E.;Kaminski, A.;Kemmer, J.;Khaimova, J.;Khalafinejad, S.;Kossakowski, D.;Kürster, M.;Labarga, F.;Lafarga, M.;Lalitha, S.;Lampón, M.;Lillo-Box, J.;Lodieu, N.;López González, M. J.;López-Puertas, M.;Luque, R.;Magán, H.;Mancini, L.;Marfil, E.;Martín, E. L.;Martín-Ruiz, S.;Molaverdikhani, K.;Montes, D.;Nagel, E.;Nortmann, L.;Nowak, G.;Pallé, E.;Passegger, V. M.;Pavlov, A.;Pedraz, S.;Perdelwitz, V.;Perger, M.;Ramón-Ballesta, A.;Reffert, S.;Revilla, D.;Rodríguez, E.;Rodríguez-López, C.;Sadegi, S.;Sánchez Carrasco, M. Á.;Sánchez-López, A.;Sanz-Forcada, J.;Schäfer, S.;Schlecker, M.;Schmitt, J. H. M. M.;Schöfer, P.;Schweitzer, A.;Seifert, W.;Shan, Y.;Skrzypinski, S. L.;Solano, E.;Stahl, O.;Stangret, M.;Stock, S.;Stürmer, J.;Tabernero, H. M.;Tal-Or, L.;Trifonov, T.;Vanaverbeke, S.;Yan, F.;Zapatero Osorio, M. R.
Journal: 
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publication type: 
Article
Volume: 
670
Pages: 
A139
Abstract: 
Context. The CARMENES instrument, installed at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory in Almería, Spain, was conceived to deliver high-accuracy radial velocity (RV) measurements with long-term stability to search for temperate rocky planets around a sample of nearby cool stars. Moreover, the broad wavelength coverage was designed to provide a range of stellar activity indicators to assess the nature of potential RV signals and to provide valuable spectral information to help characterise the stellar targets. <BR /> Aims: We describe the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO), spanning from 2016 to 2020, during which 19 633 spectra for a sample of 362 targets were collected. We present the CARMENES Data Release 1 (DR1), which makes public all observations obtained during the GTO of the CARMENES survey. <BR /> Methods: The CARMENES survey target selection was aimed at minimising biases, and about 70% of all known M dwarfs within 10 pc and accessible from Calar Alto were included. The data were pipeline-processed, and high-level data products, including 18 642 precise RVs for 345 targets, were derived. Time series data of spectroscopic activity indicators were also obtained. <BR /> Results: We discuss the characteristics of the CARMENES data, the statistical properties of the stellar sample, and the spectroscopic measurements. We show examples of the use of CARMENES data and provide a contextual view of the exoplanet population revealed by the survey, including 33 new planets, 17 re-analysed planets, and 26 confirmed planets from transiting candidate follow-up. A subsample of 238 targets was used to derive updated planet occurrence rates, yielding an overall average of 1.44 ± 0.20 planets with 1 M<SUB>⊕</SUB> &lt; M<SUB>pl</SUB> sin i &lt; 1000 M<SUB>⊕</SUB> and 1 day &lt; P<SUB>orb</SUB> &lt; 1000 days per star, and indicating that nearly every M dwarf hosts at least one planet. All the DR1 raw data, pipeline-processed data, and high-level data products are publicly available online. <BR /> Conclusions: CARMENES data have proven very useful for identifying and measuring planetary companions. They are also suitable for a variety of additional applications, such as the determination of stellar fundamental and atmospheric properties, the characterisation of stellar activity, and the study of exoplanet atmospheres. <P />Full Tables 1 and 2 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A139">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A139</A>
Database: 
ADS
SCOPUS
URL: 
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2023A&A...670A.139R/abstract
ADS Bibcode: 
2023A&A...670A.139R
Keywords: 
techniques: spectroscopic;astronomical databases: miscellaneous;planetary systems;stars: late-type;solar neighborhood;Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics;Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics;Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics