Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

DOI: 
10.1051/0004-6361/202348308
Publication date: 
11/02/2024
Main author: 
Paraschos, G. F.
IAA authors: 
Agudo, I.;Traianou, E.;Alberdi, A.;Cho, I.;Dahale, R.;Foschi, M.;Fuentes, A.;Gómez, J. L.;Lico, R.;Toscano, T.;Zhao, G. Y.
Authors: 
Paraschos, G. F.;Kim, J. -Y.;Wielgus, M.;Röder, J.;Krichbaum, T. P.;Ros, E.;Agudo, I.;Myserlis, I.;Moscibrodzka, M.;Traianou, E.;Zensus, J. A.;Blackburn, L.;Chan, C. -K.;Issaoun, S.;Janssen, M.;Johnson, M. D.;Fish, V. L.;Akiyama, K.;Alberdi, A.;Alef, W.;Algaba, J. C.;Anantua, R.;Asada, K.;Azulay, R.;Bach, U.;Baczko, A. -K.;Ball, D.;Baloković, M.;Barrett, J.;Bauböck, M.;Benson, B. A.;Bintley, D.;Blundell, R.;Bouman, K. L.;Bower, G. C.;Boyce, H.;Bremer, M.;Brinkerink, C. D.;Brissenden, R.;Britzen, S.;Broderick, A. E.;Broguiere, D.;Bronzwaer, T.;Bustamante, S.;Byun, D. -Y.;Carlstrom, J. E.;Ceccobello, C.;Chael, A.;Chang, D. O.;Chatterjee, K.;Chatterjee, S.;Chen, M. T.;Chen, Y.;Cheng, X.;Cho, I.;Christian, P.;Conroy, N. S.;Conway, J. E.;Cordes, J. M.;Crawford, T. M.;Crew, G. B.;Cruz-Osorio, A.;Cui, Y.;Dahale, R.;Davelaar, J.;De Laurentis, M.;Deane, R.;Dempsey, J.;Desvignes, G.;Dexter, J.;Dhruv, V.;Doeleman, S. S.;Dougal, S.;Dzib, S. A.;Eatough, R. P.;Emami, R.;Falcke, H.;Farah, J.;Fomalont, E.;Ford, H. A.;Foschi, M.;Fraga-Encinas, R.;Freeman, W. T.;Friberg, P.;Fromm, C. M.;Fuentes, A.;Galison, P.;Gammie, C. F.;García, R.;Gentaz, O.;Georgiev, B.;Goddi, C.;Gold, R.;Gómez-Ruiz, A. I.;Gómez, J. L.;Gu, M.;Gurwell, M.;Hada, K.;Haggard, D.;Haworth, K.;Hecht, M. H.;Hesper, R.;Heumann, D.;Ho, L. C.;Ho, P.;Honma, M.;Huang, C. L.;Huang, L.;Hughes, D. H.;Ikeda, S.;Impellizzeri, C. M. V.;Inoue, M.;James, D. J.;Jannuzi, B. T.;Jeter, B.;Jaing, W.;Jiménez-Rosales, A.;Jorstad, S.;Joshi, A. V.;Jung, T.;Karami, M.;Karuppusamy, R.;Kawashima, T.;Keating, G. K.;Kettenis, M.;Kim, D. -J.;Kim, J.;Kim, J.;Kino, M.;Koay, J. Y.;Kocherlakota, P.;Kofuji, Y.;Koch, P. M.;Koyama, S.;Kramer, C.;Kramer, J. A.;Kramer, M.;Kuo, C. -Y.;La Bella, N.;Lauer, T. R.;Lee, D.;Lee, S. -S.;Leung, P. K.;Levis, A.;Li, Z.;Lico, R.;Lindahl, G.;Lindqvist, M.;Lisakov, M.;Liu, J.;Liu, K.;Liuzzo, E.;Lo, W. -P.;Lobanov, A. P.;Loinard, L.;Lonsdale, C. J.;Lowitz, A. E.;Lu, R. -S.;MacDonald, N. R.;Mao, J.;Marchili, N.;Markoff, S.;Marrone, D. P.;Marscher, A. P.;Martí-Vidal, I.;Matsushita, S.;Matthews, L. D.;Medeiros, L.;Menten, K. M.;Michalik, D.;Mizuno, I.;Mizuno, Y.;Moran, J. M.;Moriyama, K.;Mulaudzi, W.;Müller, C.;Müller, H.;Mus, A.;Musoke, G.;Nadolski, A.;Nagai, H.;Nagar, N. M.;Nakamura, M.;Narayanan, G.;Natarajan, I.;Nathanail, A.;Navarro Fuentes, S.;Neilsen, J.;Neri, R.;Ni, C.;Noutsos, A.;Nowak, M. A.;Oh, J.;Okino, H.;Olivares, H.;Ortiz-León, G. N.;Oyama, T.;Özel, F.;Palumbo, D. C. M.;Park, J.;Parsons, H.;Patel, N.;Pen, U. -L.;Piétu, V.;Plambeck, R.;PopStefanija, A.;Porth, O.;Pötzl, F. M.;Prather, B.;Preciado-López, J. A.;Psaltis, D.;Pu, H. -Y.;Ramakrishnan, V.;Rao, R.;Rawlings, M. G.;Raymond, A. W.;Rezzolla, L.;Ricarte, A.;Ripperda, B.;Roelofs, F.;Rogers, A.;Romero-Cañizales, C.;Roshanineshat, A.;Rottmann, H.;Roy, A. L.;Ruiz, I.;Ruszczyk, C.;Rygl, K. L. J.;Sánchez, S.;Sánchez-Argüelles, D.;Sánchez-Portal, M.;Sasada, M.;Satapathy, K.;Savolainen, T.;Schloerb, F. P.;Schonfeld, J.;Schuster, K.;Shao, L.;Shen, Z.;Small, D.;Sohn, B. W.;SooHoo, J.;Sosapanta Salas, L. D.;Souccar, K.;Sun, H.;Tazaki, F.;Tetarenko, A. J.;Tiede, P.;Tilanus, R. P. J.;Titus, M.;Torne, P.;Toscano, T.;Trent, T.;Trippe, S.;Turk, M.;van Bemmel, I.;van Langevelde, H. J.;van Rossum, D. R.;Vos, J.;Wagner, J.;Ward-Thompson, D.;Wardle, J.;Washington, J. E.;Weintroub, J.;Wharton, R.;Wiik, K.;Witzel, G.;Wondrak, M. F.;Wong, G. N.;Wu, Q.;Yadlapalli, N.;Yamaguchi, P.;Yfantis, A.;Yoon, D.;Young, A.;Young, K.;Younsi, Z.;Yu, W.;Yuan, F.;Yuan, Y. -F.;Zhang, S.;Zhao, G. Y.;Zhao, S. -S.
Journal: 
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publication type: 
Article
Volume: 
682
Pages: 
L3
Abstract: 
Context. 3C 84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86 GHz. <BR /> Aims: Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the currently highest available frequency of 228 GHz, we aim to perform a direct detection of compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C 84. <BR /> Methods: We used Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 228 GHz observations and, given the limited (u, v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. Furthermore, we employed quasi-simultaneously observed, ancillary multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. <BR /> Results: We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, supermassive black hole of 3C 84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We also determined a turnover frequency of ν<SUB>m</SUB> = (113 ± 4) GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of B<SUB>SSA</SUB> = (2.9 ± 1.6) G, and an equipartition magnetic field of B<SUB>eq</SUB> = (5.2 ± 0.6) G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object (m<SUB>net</SUB> = (17.0 ± 3.9)%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228 GHz. We used these findings to test existing models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C 84. <BR /> Conclusions: The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C 84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u, v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored. Our upcoming work using new EHT data, which offer full imaging capabilities, will shed more light on the compact region of 3C 84.
Database: 
ADS
SCOPUS
URL: 
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2024A&A...682L...3P/abstract
ADS Bibcode: 
2024A&A...682L...3P
Keywords: 
techniques: high angular resolution;techniques: interferometric;galaxies: active;galaxies: individual: NGC 1275;galaxies: jets;Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena;Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies